12 bags of gold math problem

I solved this eventually many months ago when my boss gave it to us in the office to ponder. Took a long time but can still remember how to do it.

The problem goes likes this.

You have 12 bags of gold that are identical in every way – except that one bag is different to the others in weight. It can be heavier or lighter.

The only method you have for finding which one is different is a set of scales. Easy enough you say, but you can only use the set of scales 3 times.

Go on, have a go.

The solution is in below.

Blm

12 bags of gold numbered 1->12

Step 1
Compare 1 2 3 4 to 5 6 7 8 (WEIGH 1)
If same then odd bag in 9 10 11 12 – goto step 2
If 1 2 3 4 heavier than 5 6 7 8 – goto step 6
If 1 2 3 4 lighter than 5 6 7 8 – goto step 10

Step 2
Compare 9 10 11 to 1 2 3 (WEIGH 2)
If same the 12 is different – goto step 3
If 9 10 11 heavier than 1 2 3 then we know the odd one out is heavier and in 9 10 11 – goto Step 4
If 9 10 11 lighter than 1 2 3 then we know the odd one out is lighter and in 9 10 11 – goto Step 5

Step 3
We know 12 is the odd one out – just need to find if its lighter or heavier
Compare 12 to 1 (WEIGH 3)
If 12 lighter then 12 is odd one out and lighter
If 12 heavier then 12 is odd one out and heavier

Step 4
Compare 9 to 10 (WEIGH 3)
if 9 heavier then 9 odd one out and heavier
if 10 heavier then 10 odd one out and heavier
if same then 11 odd one out and heavier

Step 5
Compare 9 to 10 (WEIGH 3)
if 9 lighter then 9 odd one out and lighter
if 10 lighter then 10 odd one out and lighter
if same then 11 odd one out and lighter

Step 6
Time to swap some stuff about
Some new notation here
+ = possibly heavier,
– = possibly lighter,
= = known standard
Compare 1+ 5- 9= to 2+ 6- 7- (WEIGH 2)

If 1 5 9 heavier – goto 7
If 2 6 7 heavier – goto 8
If same – goto 9

Step 7
We know that the balance beteen Step 1 and Step 6 stayed the same therefore the odd bag has not moved so it must be 1+ 6- or 7-
Compare 6- to 7- (WEIGH 3)
if 6 is lighter then its odd one out and lighter
if 7 is lighter then its odd one out and lighter
if same then 1 odd one out and heavier

Step 8
The balance between Step 1 and Step 6 has changed therefore the odd bag has moved so it must be 5- or 2+
Compare 2+ to 9= (WEIGH 3)
If 2 heavier then 2 is odd one and heavier
if same then 5 is odd one and lighter

Step 9
Odd one out must be in 3+ 4+ or 8-
Compare 3+ to 4+ (WEIGH 3)
if same then 8 is odd and lighter
if 4 heavier then 4 is odd and heavier
if 3 heavier then 3 is odd and heavier

Step 10
Like step 6 but other way round
Compare 1- 5+ 9= to 2- 6+ 7+ (WEIGH 2)

if 2 6 7 heavier – goto Step 11
if 1 5 9 heavier – goto Step 12
if same – goto Step 13

Step 11
Balance has stayed the same therefor the odd bag has not moved ant it must be in 1- 6+ 7+
Compare 6+ to 7+ (WEIGH 3)
If 6 is heavier then 6 is odd and heavier
if 7 is heavier then 7 is odd and heavier
if same then 1 is odd and lighter

Step 12
Balance had move there must be in a moved bag ie – 5+ or 2-
Compare 5+ and 9= (WEIGH 3)
if 5 is heavier then 5 is odd and heavier
if same then 2 is odd and lighter

Step 13
Odd one out must be in -3 -4 or 8+
Compare -3 to -4 (WEIGH 3)
if same then 8 is odd and heavier
if 3 is lighter then 3 is odd and lighter
if 4 is lighter then 4 is odd and lighter

Dadaaaaaaaa

2 thoughts on “12 bags of gold math problem

  1. jen

    im in the 9th grade and this was given to me it took me a few hours to get but there was in fact a simpler way to find it then the way you did it…

  2. blm

    Your solution might find the odd bag out but does it know if its heavier or lighter?

    Email me it and if it is simpler I’ll post it here with your name on it.

    Thanks for posting.

    blm